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®zÆP©Ê³±Â÷¤l¥æ´«¾¯¥i§lªþ±j»Ä¡A¨Ò¦pÆQ»Ä¡B²¸»Ä¡Bµv»Äµ¥¡A¦ýµLªk°£¥h®z»Ä¡A¨Ò¦p¡AºÒ»Ä(¤G®ñ¤ÆºÒ)ª¿»Äµ¥®z»Ä¡A³oºØ¥æ´«¾¯¥i¥H¥ÎĬ¥´¦Ç (Soda ash Na2SO3)¡Bªü¼¯¥§¨È (Ammonia)¡B­e©Ê¶u (Caustic Soda) ¦A¥Í¡A¥¦¥i¥H¥æ´«©Ò¦³³±Â÷¤l¤£½×±j»Ä©Î®z»Ä¡A¦pºÒ»Ä (¤G®ñ¤ÆºÒ)¡Bª¿»Ä (Öº»Ä)¡BÆQ»Ä¡B²¸»Ä¤Îµv»Äµ¥¡C

¤Q¡B¦h¨BÆJ¥hÄqª«½èªk 11

¦p«e©Ò­z¡A¥þ¹Lµ{ªº²Ä¤@¨B¡A¬O¦]²BÂ÷¤l¨ú¥N©Ò¦³ªº¶§Â÷¤l¡C±o¨ìªº¬O­ì¨Ó¤ô¤¤©Ò·»¸Ñ·»ÆQÃþªº´åÂ÷»Ä¡A¥Î©ó³o¤@­Ó¨BÆJªºÃľ¯¬°±j»Ä©Ê¡A¬O¤@ºØ²¸ÁD»Ä (Solutomic Acid) ¤ÏÀ³¦p¤U¦C¤èµ{¦¡©Ò¦¡¡G

R.C.H + NaCl ¡÷ R.CNa + Cl

²BÂ÷¤l¥æ´«¾ð¯× + ¤ô¤¤ªº­¹ÆQ ¡÷ ¶uÂ÷¤lªþ©ó¾ð¯×¤W + ¤ô¤¤ªºÆQ

2RC.H + Ca(HCO3)2 ¡÷ (RC)2Ca + 2H2O + 2CO2

²BÂ÷¤l¥æ´«¾ð¯× + ¤ô¤¤ªººÒ»Ä²B¶t ¡÷ ¶tÂ÷¤lªþ©ó¾ð¯×¤W+ ¤ô + ¤ô¤¤ªº¤G®ñ¤ÆºÒ

  ²Ä¤G¨B­Y¬OÀ³¥Î®zÆP©Ê¾ð¯×¡A«h¸g¹L²BÂ÷¤l¥æ´«¾ð¯×©Ò±oªº±j»Ä¡A¦p¤W¦¡©Ò¼gªºÆQ»Ä¡A¥i¥H³Q¥¦§l¦¬¡A¦pªGÀ³¥Î±j©Ê¾ð¯×¡AµL½×¬OÆQ»Ä¤¤ªº²BÂ÷¤l©Î¤G®ñ¤ÆºÒ (§YºÒ»Ä®ÚÂ÷¤l)¡A¥H¤Î¨ä¥L³±Â÷¤l (¥]¬Aª¿»Ä®ÚÂ÷¤l) ¬Ò¥i°£¥h¡A³Q²B®ñ®Ú©Ò¨ú¥N¡A¦p¤U¦¡¡G

RaOH + HCl ¡÷ RaCl + H2O

²B´â®ÚÂ÷¤l¥æ´«¾ð¯× + ¤ô¤¤ªºÆQ»Ä ¡÷ ´âÂ÷¤lªþ©ó¾ð¯×¤W + ¤ô

¥Ñ©ó¤ô¤¤ªººÒ»Ä²BÆQ (bicarbonate) ©ÎºÒ»ÄÆQ¡A¸g²BÂ÷¤l¥æ´«¾¯©Ò©ñ¥Xªº¤G®ñ¤ÆºÒÁöµM¥i¥H³Q±jÆP©Ê³±Â÷¤l¥æ´«¾¯©Ò§lªþ¡A¦ý¦b³\¦h°Ó·~¸Ë¸m¬°¤F¸gÀÙ¦Xºâ°_¨£¡A±Ä¥Î¥t¤@ºØ°£¥h¤èªk¡Ð±N¤ô¦p¼QÃú¯ë¡A©¹¤U¼Q¹L¸Ë¦³³\¦h¤£¦P¶êÀôªº¶ð¡A¨Ã¥B¦A¦b°f¬yªÅ®ð³q¹L¶ð¡C

¤Q¤@¡B²V¦X§É¼Ñªk 12

­Y­ì¤ô¸g¹L¤W­zªº¨â­Ó¨BÆJ¡A°£¥h¤FÄqª«½è¡A¦A¥H¦¹³B²z¹Lªº¤ô¬y¸g¹L²Ä¤G²Õ (¤]¥i¯à²Ä¤T¡B²Ä¥|²Õ)¡A¦P¼Ëªº¸Ë¸mªº¥hÄqª«½è³]³Æ¡A¨º»ò¨C¤@²Õ³Æªº¬y¤ô½è¡A³£¤ñ«e¤@²Õ¦n¡A§Q¥Î¦¹­ì«h±À½×¥iª¾¡A±N­ì¤ô¤ÏÂЪº´X¦¸¬y¸g¦P¤@¨ã¦³±jÆP©Ê¶§Â÷¤l¡A¤Î±jÆP©Ê³±Â÷¤l¥æ´«¾ð¯×ªº§É¼Ñ¡A©Ò±oªº¬y¥X¤ô½è¡A·|¬O°ª«×ªº¤£§tÄq

½èªº¤ô¡A¦b¦¹±¡ªp¤U¡A´N¬O½ü¬y¨Ï¥Î¦P²Õ³]³Æ¦Ó¥N´À¸Ë¸m³\³\¦h¦hªº³sÄòªº¡B¬Û¦P¥hÄqª«½è³]³Æ¡A¥H¦¹¤è¦¡³B²z¹Lªº¤ô¡A¥i¥H±o·¥¯Âªº¬y¥X¤ô½è¡A¦¹µ¥¤ô¥i¥Î©ó²M¬~ "Transistor (¹q´¹Åé)"¡A¥H¤Î¨ä¥L¹q¤l¸Ë¸m©Î©ó¼Ð·ÇÀ£¤Oªº¨TÁ礤¡C

ÁöµM¤GºØ¾ð¯×²V¦b¤@°_¨Ï¥Î¡A¦ý¥Î¹L¤F­n¦A¥Íªº®É­Ô¤´¥iÀ³¥Î¤ô¤O¤À¶}¦¨¤G¼h¡A§Q¥Î¤GºØ¾ð¯×±K«×²¤·L¤£¦P¡A¥Î°f¬y§Y¥i¤À¦¨¤G¼h¡A¦A¤À§O¦A¥Í¡Aº}²M¥H«á¡A¦A§Q¥Î¤W¬yªºªÅ®ð®ðªw¥[¥H¦A²V¦X¡A«K¥i­«·sÀ³¥Î¡C

¤Q¤G¡B¥hÄqª«½è¤ôªº©Ê½è¡G 13

¥Î±jÆP©Êª«½è©Î²V¦X§É¼Ñ©Ò±oªº¥hÄqª«½è¤ô¬O¦X¥G"¬ü°êÃħ½"©Ò­qªº·Ç¤ô¼Ð·Ç¡A¬°¤F»¡©ú¤£¦Pªº¸Ë³Æ©Ò¯à§ïµ½ªº¯SÂI¡A§Ú­Ì°²³]¦³¤@ºØ­ì¤ô¾É¹q«×¬° 450·L¼Ú©i¡þ¦è¦è¡A·»¸Ñªº©TÅéÆQÃþ¬ù¬°300ppm (ºÒ»Ä¶t) ¤ÀªR¦p¤U¡G

Á`µw«×¡G250ppm

¶uÆQ¡G50ppm

¾É¹q«×¡G450ppm

ÆP«×¡G200ppm

´â®ð©Î²¸»Ä®Ú¡G100ppm

ª¿¥Û¡G16ppm

¸g¹L¤£¦Pªº³B²z¹Lµ{¡Aµ²ªG¦p¤U¡G

³B²z¹Lµ{ (³B²z¤è¦¡)                                                                         ¾É¹q«×                                               ª¿¥Û(Öº¥Û)

1. ²BÂ÷¤l¥æ´«¾¯ + ®zÆP©Ê³±Â÷¤l¥æ´«                                        12 ~ 15                                                  16

2. ²BÂ÷¤l¥æ´« + ®zÆP©Ê³±Â÷¤l¥æ´« + °£®ð³]³Æ                     7 ~ 8                                                    16

3. ²BÂ÷¤l¥æ´« + ±jÆP©Ê³±Â÷¤l¥æ´«                                            5 ~ 7                                                    < 0.1

4. ²V¦X§É¼Ñ                                                                                          < 0.5                                                    < 0.1

5. »]ÃH¤ô                                                                                              2.5                                                       µL

µù¡G·»¸Ñªº©TÅé·U¦h¡A«h¾É¹q«×·U¤j¡C

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1. ´âÂ÷¤l¥æ´«

¥H´âÂ÷¤l¨ú¥N¤ô¤¤ªººÒ»Ä²B®ÚÂ÷¤l (HCO3-) ¦A§Q¥Î±jÆP©Ê³±Â÷¤l¥æ´«¾¯°£¥h´â¡A¦¹ªk¥i¥H­¹ÆQ§@¬°Á٭쾯¡A³o¬O¤@­Ó«Ü²«Kªº¤èªk¡A¥Îªº¬O©ö¾Þ§@ªº·G»ù­¹ÆQ§@¬°Á٭쾯¡A¤]¤£·|´î¤Ö¤ô¤¤©Ò·»¸Ñªº©TÅé¦h¤Ö¡G

RaCl + NaHCO3 ¡÷ RaHCO3 + NaCl

¾ð¯× + ¦b¤ô¤¤ ¡÷ ¾ð¯× + ¦b¤ô¤¤

2. ®z»Ä¶§Â÷¤l¥æ´«

®z»Ä¶§Â÷¤l¥æ´«¾ð¯×¡A­Y¸g¹L¤F»Äªº¤£§¹¥þÁÙ­ì«á¡A²B¥i¥H¨ú¥N®z»ÄÆQ¤¤ªº¶§Â÷¤l¡A¦pºÒ»Ä²BÆQ¡A¦ý¤£·|¨ú¥N¤¤©ÊÆQ¤¤ªº¶§Â÷¤l¡A¨Ò¦p­¹ÆQ¡A©Ò¥H¥¦¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó­° pH ­È¡A¦p¤U¦¡¡G

R'CH + NaHCO3 ¡÷ R'CNa + H2O + CO2

¾ð¯× + ¦b¤ô¤¤ ¡÷ ¾ð¯× + ¤ô + ¦b¤ô¤¤

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